ОСНОВНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО РЕФОРМУВАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ДЕРЖАВИ
Анотація
Досліджується особливості основних підходів до реформування соціальної держави, які були запропоновані як відповідь на кризи соціальної держави 1970-х та 1990-х років. Також розглядається питання, чи можуть вони використовуватися для реформування соціальної держави під час сучасної кризи соціальної держави. Спочатку виокремлюється кожен підхід до реформування і дається йому загальна характеристика, а також визначається його проблемне поле – які проблеми він вирішує, а які – ні. Як наслідок, робиться висновок, що підходи, які були розроблені для пояснення криз, що відбувалися раніше, не охоплюють всю сукупність емпіричних випадків. Таким чином, пропонується інший підхід – з точки зору теорії перспектив і стратегії уникнення звинувачень – як такий, що може бути використаний для пояснення як минулих реформаційний процесів, так і майбутніх. Отримані результати можуть бути застосовані урядовими політичними партіями під час розробки рішень щодо реформування моделі соціальної держави для мінімізації електоральних ризиків.
Ключові слова: соціальна держава, криза соціальної держави, реформування соціальної держави
Харченко О. С. Основные подходы к реформированию социального государства / Киевский национальный университет имени Тараса Шевченко, Украина, г. Киев.
Исследуются особенности основных подходов к реформированию социального государства, которые были предложены как ответ на кризисы социального государства 1970-х и 1990-х годов. Также рассматривается проблема использования данных подходов к реформированию социального государства во время современного кризиса. Вначале определяются подходы, дается их характеристика, а также рассматривается их проблемное поле – какаие проблемы они решают, а какие – нет. В результате делается вывод, что подходы, которые были разработаны для объяснения предыдущих кризисов, не охватывают все возможные эмпирические случаи. Таким образом, предлагается иной подход – с точки зрения теории перспектив и стратегий избегания обвинений – как такой, что может быть использован для объяснения как предыдуших, так и будущих реформационных процессов. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы правительственными политическими партиями во время разработки реформирования модели социального государства для минимизации электоральных рисков.
Ключевые слова: социальное государство, кризис социального государства, реформирование социального государства
Kharchenko O. S. Main Approaches to Welfare State Reform / Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Kyiv.
Particularities of main approaches to Welfare State Reforms, which were introduced as answers to the Welfare State Crisis during 1970s and 1990s are observed. Also it is questioned whether these approaches could be applied to the actual Welfare State Crisis. First, the problem area of these approached is reviewed: which problems do they solve, and what problems they could not explain. As a result, it is stressed, that previously developed approaches do not cover all empirical cases. Thus, it is argued, that new approach – combination of prospect theory with blame avoidance strategies – should be used as methodological tool to explain previous Welfare State Reforms as well as future ones. The results could be used by governmental political parties as roadmap for Welfare State Model’s Reform development to minimize electoral risks.
Key words: welfare state, welfare state crisis, welfare state reform
Повний текст:
PDFПосилання
Література:
Baron J. Cognitive biases in moral judgments that affect political behavior [Electronic resource] / Jonathan Baron // Synthese. – Springer, 2009. – Access mode: http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~baron/papers/synthese.pdf
Béland D. Ideas and Policy Change: A Global Perspective [Electronic resource] / Daniel Béland. – Access mode: http://www.rc19.unifi.it/papers/pdf/Beland.doc
Birch A. Theories of political crisis / A.H.Birch // British Politics: A reader [Martin Burch, Michael Moran (eds.)]. – Manchester University Press, 1987. – p.43-64
Blyth M. The Transformation of the Swedish Model. Economic Ideas, Distributional Conflict, and Institutional Change [Electronic resource] / Mark Blyth // World Politics. – Vol.54. – 2001. – Access mode: http://www.markblyth.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/blythworldpols.pdf
Bonoli G. Political Institutions, Veto Points, and the Process of Welfare State Adaptation / Giuliano Bonoli // The New Politics of the Welfare State [Paul Pierson (ed.)]. – Oxford, 2001. – p.238-264
Castles F. The Future of the Welfare State: Crisis Myths and Crisis Realities [Electronic resource] / Francis G.Castles. – Oxford University Press, 2004. – Access mode: http://www.questia.com/library/109860420/the-future-of-the-welfare-state-crisis-myths-and
Choices, Values, and Frames / Daniel Kahneman, Amos Tversky (eds.). – Cambridge University Press, 2000 – 841 p.
Cornwall J. Economic Breakdown and Recovery Policy: Theory and Policy / Kohn Cornwall. – New York, 1994 – 287 p.
Cox R. The Social Construction Of An Imperative: Why Welfare Reform Happened in Denmark and the Netherlands but Not in Germany [Electronic resource] / Robert Henry Cox // World Politics. – Vol.53. – 2001. – Access model: http://attach3.bdwm.net/attach/boards/PELyceum/M.1106602379.A/wp01cox.pdf
Development and Crisis of the Welfare State: Parties and Policies in Global Markets / E.Huber, D.Stephens. – Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001. – 416 p.
Electoral consequences of welfare state retrenchment: blame avoidance or credit claiming in the era of permanent austerity? / Nathalie Giger, Moira Nelson // European journal of Political Research – 2011. – Vol. 50(1). – pp. 1-24
End of the Welfare State?: Responses to State Retrenchment / Stefan Svallfors, Peter Taylor-Gooby. – Routledge, 1999. – 257 p.
Fernandez J. Economic Crises, High Public Pension Spending and Blame-avoidance Strategies: Pension Policy Retrenchments in 14 Social-insurance Countries, 1981–2005 [Electronic resource] / Juan J. Fernandez // MPIfG Discussion Paper 10/9. – 2010. – Access mode: http://www.mpifg.de/pu/mpifg_dp/dp10-9.pdf
Globalization and the welfare state: the same strategies for similar problems / Jose Adelantado, Eduardo Cuevas // Journal of European Social Policy. – Vol. 16 (4). – 2006. – p.374-86
Green-Pedersen C. The Politics of Justification Party Competition and Welfare-State Retrenchment in Denmark and the Netherlands from 1982 to 1998 / Christoffer Green-Pedersen. – Amsterdam University Press, 2002. – 209 p.
Growth to Limits. The Western European Welfare States Since World War II / Peter Flora (ed.). – Vol.1. – Berlin, 1986. – 276 p.
Hering M. The Politics of Institutional Path-Departure: A Revised Analytical Framework for the Reform of Welfare States [Electronic resource] / Martin Hering // Working Paper. – №65. – 2003. – Access mode: http://www.mzes.uni-mannheim.de/publications/wp/wp-65.pdf
Hering M. Welfare Restructuring without Partisan Cooperation: The Role of Party Collusion in Blame Avoidance [Electronic resource] / Martin Hering. - SEDAP Research Paper No. 142. – Access mode: http://socserv.mcmaster.ca/sedap/p/sedap142.pdf
Heritability of Attitude Toward Economic Risk [Electronic resource] / Songfa Zhong, Soo Hong Chew, Eric Set, Junsen Zhang, Hong Xue, Pak C. Sham, Richard P. Ebstein, and Salomon Israel // Twin Research and Human Genetics. – Vol. 12 (1). – 2009. – Access mode: https://b2ess.nus.edu.sg/publications/zhong2009heritability.pdf
Hood C. The Blame Game: Spin, Bureaucracy, and Self-Preservation in Government / Christopher Hood. – Princeton University Press, 2010. – 239 p.
Hood C. The Risk Game and the Blame Avoidance [Electronic resource] / Christopher Hood // Government and Opposition. – 2002. – Access mode: http://blog.lib.umn.edu/burn0277/pa5012/readings/Hood%202002%20-%20The%20Risk%20Game%20and%20the%20Blame%20Game.pdf
Iversen T. The Dynamics of Welfare State Expansion: Trade Openness, Deindustrialization and Partisan Politics [Electronic resource] / Torben Iversen. – Harvard University. – Access mode: http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/iversen/files/introdyn.pdf
Key lessons for labour market reforms: evidence from OECD countries’ experience [Electronic resource] / Jorgen Elmeskov, John Martin, Stefano Scarpetta // Swedish Economic Policy Review. – Vol.5. – 1998. – Access mode: http://www.regeringen.se/content/1/c6/09/52/20/832d3260.pdf
Kitschelt H. Partisan Competition and Welfare State Retrenchment: When Do Politicians Choose Unpopular Policies? / Herbert Kitschelt // The New Politics of the Welfare State [Paul Pierson (ed.)]. – Oxford, 2001. – p. 265-304
Lindbom А. Obfuscating Retrenchment: Swedish Welfare Policy in the 1990s [Electronic resource] / Anders Lindbom // Journal of Public Policy. – Vol.27(2). – 2007. – Access mode: http://www.cerium.ca/IMG/pdf/Lindbom_Anders_2007_Obfuscating_Retrenchment_Swedish_Welfare_Policy_in_the_1990s.pdf
McDermot R. Prospect Theory in Political Science: Gains and Loses From the First Decade [Electronic resource] / Rose McDermot // Political Psychology. – Vol.25(2). – 2004. – Access mode: https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/wiley/prospect-theory-in-political-science-gains-and-losses-from-the-first-eKaTBsJZk7?articleList=%2Fsearch%3Fquery%3Dprospect%2Btheory%2Bin%2Bpolitical%2Bscience
Mercer J. Prospect Theory and Political Science [Electronic resource] / Jonathan Mercer // Annual Review of Political Science. – Vol.8. – 2005. – Access mode: http://pibbethel.no-ip.org/biblioteca/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Adela_Yarbro_Collins_Cosmology_and_Eschatology_in_Jewish_and_Christian_Apocalypticism-1996.pdf
Negative Information Weighs More Heavily on the Brain: The Negativity Bias in Evaluative Categorizations [Electronic resource] / Tiffany A. Ito, Jeff T. Larsen, N. Kyle Smith, John T. Cacioppo // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. – Vol. 75 (4). – 1998. – Access mode: http://www.wisebrain.org/media/Papers/NegativeBiasInEaluativeCategories.pdf
New Politics and Class Politics in the Context of Austerity and Globalization: Welfare State Regress in 18 Countries, 1975-95 [Electronic resource] / Walter Korpi, Joakim Palme // The American Political Science Review. – Vol. 97. – №3. – 2003. – Access mode: http://www.vanneman.umd.edu/socy789b/korpip03.pdf
OECD And European Welfare States / Klaus Armingeon, Michelle Beyeler. – Edward Edgar Publishing, 2003. – 272 p.
Offe C. Contradictions of the welfare state / Claus Offe. – Victoria: Hutchinson & Co, 1984. – 306 p.
Pierson C. Beyond the Welfare State?: The New Political Economy of Welfare / Christopher Pierson. – Polity Press, 2006. – 240 p.
Pierson P. Coping with Permanent Austerity: Welfare State Restructuring in Affluent Democracies [Electronic resource] / Paul Pierson. – 1999. – Access mode: http://www.hks.harvard.edu/inequality/Seminar/Papers/pierson.PDF
Pierson P. Dismantling the Welfare State?: Reagan, Thatcher and the Politics of Retrenchment / Paul Pierson. – Oxford, 1995. – 224 p.
Pierson P. Post-Industrial Pressures on Mature Welfare States / Paul Pierson // The New Politics of the Welfare State [Paul Pierson (ed.)]. – Oxford, 2001. – p.80-104
Pierson P. The New Politics of the Welfare State [Electronic resource] / Paul Pierson // World Politics. – Vol. 48 (2). – 1996. – Access mode: http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~iversen/PDFfiles/48.2pierson.html
Politics of Path Dependency: Political Conflict in Historical Institutionalism [Electronic resource] / B. Guy Peters, Jon Pierre, Desmond S. King // The Journal of Politics. – Vol. 67. – №4. – 2005. – Access mode: http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3449905?uid=3739256&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21104667508527
Prince M. Avoiding blame, doing good, and claiming credit: Reforming Canadian income security [Electronic resource] / Michael J.Prince // Canadian Public Administration. – Vol.53(3). – 2010. – Access mode: http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/wiley/avoiding-blame-doing-good-and-claiming-credit-reforming-canadian-0KL7CVjqAS
Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk [Electronic resource] / Daniel Kahneman, Amos Tversky // Econometrica. – Vol.47 (2). – 1979. – Access mode: http://www.princeton.edu/~kahneman/docs/Publications/prospect_theory.pdf
Rodrik D. Understanding Economy Policy Reform [Electronic resource] / Dani Rodrik // Journal of Economic Literature. – Vol. 34. – 1996. – Access mode: http://faculty.nps.edu/relooney/rodrik.pdf
Ross F. Framing Welfare Reform in Affluent Societies: Rendering Retrenchment more Palatable? [Electronic resource] / Fiona Ross. – Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. – №2000/15. – Access mode: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/19549386/framing-welfare-reform-in-affluent-societies-european-university-/3
Schmidt V. Politics, Values and the Power of Discourse in the Reform of the Welfare State [Electronic resource] / Vivien A.Schmidt. – 1999. – Access mode: http://aei.pitt.edu/2380/1/002912_1.PDF
Social and Environmental Policies in Hard Times: Buffering Economic Pressure by Policy Dismantling? [Electronic resource] / Christoph Knill, Yves Steinebach, Raffael Hanschmann, Andrea C. Bianculli, Jacint Jordana, Ana G. Juanatey // 5th Regulatory Governance Conference, 25 – 27 June 2014, Barcelona. – Access mode: http://reggov2014.ibei.org/bcn-14-papers/82-112.pdf
Starke P. Politics of Welfare State Retrenchment: A Literature Review / Peter Starke // Social Policy&Administration. – 2006. – 40(1) – pp.104-120
Stiller S. Innovative agents versus immovable objects: The role of ideational leadership in German welfare state reforms [Electronic resource] / Sabina Stiller. – 2007. – Access mode: https://www.academia.edu/2736635/Innovative_agents_versus_immovable_objects_The_role_of_ideational_leadership_in_German_welfare_state_reforms
Sulitzeanu-Kenan R. Reflection in the Shadow of Blame: When do Politicians Appoint Commissions of Inquiry? [Electronic resource] / Raanan Sulitzeanu-Kenan. – 2008. – Access mode: http://public-policy.huji.ac.il/.upload/blue%20serie/Sulitzeanu_Kenan_Reflection_in_the_Shadow_of_Blame.pdf
Survival of the European Welfare State / Stein Kuhnle (ed.). – Routledge, 2000. – 265 p.
Svi Shapiro H. Habermas, O’Connor, and Wolfe, and the Crisis of the Welfare-Capitalist State: Conservative Politics and the Roots of Educational Policy in the 1980s [Electronic resource] / H. Svi Shapiro // Educational Theory. – Vol. 33 (3-4). – 1983. – Access mode: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1741-5446.1983.tb01010.x/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false
Swank D. Political Institutions and Welfare State Restructuring. The Impact of Institutions on Social Policy Change in Developed Democracies / Duane Swank // The New Politics of the Welfare State [Paul Pierson (ed.)]. – Oxford, 2001. – p.197-237
Unemployment Protection and Labour Market Reform in France and Great Britain in the 1990s: Solidarity Versus Activation? [Electronic resource] / Jochen Clasen, Daniel Clegg // Journal of Social Policy. – Vol.32. – Issue 03. – 2003. – Access mode: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=164409
Van Keersbergen K. The declining resistance of welfare states to change? [Electronic resource] / Kees Van Keersbergen // Survival of the European Welfare State [Stein Kuhnle (ed.)]. – Access mode: http://www.questia.com/read/103316182/survival-of-the-european-welfare-state
Van Kersbergen K. The politics of solidarity and the changing boundaries of the welfare state [Electronic resource] / Kees Van Kersbergen // European Political Science. – 2006. – Access mode: http://www.palgrave-journals.com/eps/journal/v5/n4/full/2210102a.html
Vis B. States of welfare or states of workfare? [Electronic resource] / Barbara Vis. // Policy&Politics. – 2009. – Access mode: http://www.compasss.org/wpseries/Vis2006.pdf
Weaver K. Automatic Government. The Politics of Indexation / Kent Weaver. – Brookings Institution, 1988. – 277 p.
Weaver K. The Politics of Blame [Electronic resource] / Kent Weaver // The Brookings Review. – Vol. 5. – No. 2. – 1987. – Access mode: http://blog.lib.umn.edu/burn0277/pa5012/readings/Weaver%201987%20-%20The%20Politics%20of%20Blame.pdf
Who Adjusts and When? The Political Economy of Reforms [Electronic resource] / Alberto Alesina, Silvia Ardagna, Francesco Trebbi // IMF Staff Papers. – Vol.53. – 2006. – Access mode: https://www.imf.org/External/Pubs/FT/staffp/2006/03/pdf/alesina.pdf
Why and how do Political Actors Pursue Risky Reforms? [Electronic resource] / Barbara Vis and Kees van Kersbergen // Journal of Theoretical Politics. – 2007. – Access mode: http://dare.ubvu.vu.nl/bitstream/handle/1871/39509/203032.pdf?sequence=1
Wilson R. The Contribution of Behavioral Economics to Political Science [Electronic resource] / Rick Wilson // Annual Review of Political Science. – Vol.14-15. – 2011. – Access mode: http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/annual-reviews/the-contribution-of-behavioral-economics-to-political-science-nI9I10YRpL
Zohlnhöfer R. The Politics Of Budget Consolidation in Britain and Germany: The Impact of Blame-Avoidance Opportunities [Electronic resource] / Reimut Zohlnhöfer // Working Paper No. 05.2. - Center for European Studies. Program for the Study of Germany and Europe. – Access mode: http://aei.pitt.edu/9285/1/Zolnhofer.pdf
Посилання
- Поки немає зовнішніх посилань.
Цей твір ліцензовано за ліцензією Creative Commons Із зазначенням авторства 4.0 Міжнародна.
